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Latest Class 7th Science NCERT (Curiosity) Concepts & Solutions
1. The Ever-Evolving World of Science
Science is not static; it is a dynamic and continuously evolving field. This chapter highlights how scientific understanding progresses through new discoveries, experiments, and questioning existing knowledge. It illustrates that science is a journey of constant exploration and refinement, impacting various aspects of our lives and driving innovation and progress in the world around us.
2. Exploring Substances: Acidic, Basic, and Neutral
Substances around us can be classified based on whether they are acidic, basic, or neutral. This chapter introduces the concepts of acids and bases, explaining their characteristic properties, like taste and touch (though touching is not advised for strong ones!). It describes how indicators, such as litmus paper or turmeric, are used to test the nature of a substance, helping us identify acids, bases, and neutral substances like pure water.
3. Electricity: Circuits and their Components
Electricity powers much of our modern world. This chapter introduces the basics of electric current and simple electric circuits. You will learn about the essential components that make up a circuit, such as cells (sources of electricity), bulbs (which light up), wires (paths for current), and switches (to control the flow). Understanding how these components work together allows electricity to flow and perform useful tasks.
4. The World of Metals and Non-metals
Materials can broadly be categorised as metals or non-metals, each having distinct properties. This chapter explores the physical and chemical characteristics that differentiate them. Metals are typically shiny, hard, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity (e.g., iron, copper). Non-metals are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors (e.g., carbon, sulfur). Understanding these differences helps us appreciate their various uses in daily life.
5. Changes Around Us: Physical and Chemical
The world is full of changes, which can be broadly classified as physical or chemical. This chapter teaches you to differentiate between these two types. Physical changes alter the form or appearance of a substance but not its chemical composition (like melting ice). Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances with different properties (like burning wood). Recognizing these changes helps us understand various phenomena.
6. Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change
Adolescence is a significant transitional phase in a person's life, marking the journey from childhood to adulthood. This chapter explores the physical, mental, emotional, and social changes that occur during this period, often triggered by puberty. It discusses growth spurts, hormonal changes, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and the psychological adjustments associated with becoming a teenager.
7. Heat Transfer in Nature
Heat naturally flows from hotter objects to colder ones. This chapter delves into the three main methods of heat transfer: conduction (through direct contact, common in solids), convection (through movement of fluids like liquids or gases), and radiation (through electromagnetic waves, like heat from the Sun). Understanding these processes explains phenomena like cooking, weather patterns, and how objects cool down or warm up.
8. Measurement of Time and Motion
Quantifying time and motion is essential in science. This chapter revisits the concept of time measurement using devices like clocks and introduces how motion is described. You will learn about speed, which is the distance covered per unit time ($\textsf{Speed} = \frac{\textsf{Distance}}{\textsf{Time}}$), and distinguish between uniform motion (constant speed) and non-uniform motion (changing speed). Understanding these helps describe how things move.
9. Life Processes in Animals
Animals perform various essential life processes to survive and thrive. This chapter explores key functions such as nutrition (how animals obtain and use food), respiration (breathing and energy release), circulation (transport of substances), excretion (removal of waste), and reproduction (creating new life). Understanding these processes provides insight into the complex biological systems that sustain animal life.
10. Life Processes in Plants
Plants are vital for life on Earth, carrying out unique processes. This chapter focuses on essential life functions in plants, including photosynthesis (producing food using sunlight), respiration (using energy), transpiration (water loss), transportation of water and nutrients, and reproduction (through seeds, spores, or vegetative parts). Understanding these processes reveals how plants grow, survive, and contribute to ecosystems.
11. Light: Shadows and Reflections
Light allows us to see the world, travelling in straight lines. This chapter explores key properties of light. You will learn how shadows are formed when an opaque object blocks light. It also discusses reflection, the bouncing back of light from a surface like a mirror, explaining how we see images and the laws governing how light reflects.
12. Earth, Moon, and the Sun
Our immediate cosmic neighbourhood consists of the Earth, its Moon, and the Sun. This chapter introduces these celestial bodies, describing their characteristics, sizes, and relative distances. You'll learn about the Earth's rotation (causing day and night) and revolution (causing seasons), the Moon's phases, and the Sun as the primary source of light and energy for Earth.